/* +------------------------------------------------------------------------+
   |                     Mobile Robot Programming Toolkit (MRPT)            |
   |                          https://www.mrpt.org/                         |
   |                                                                        |
   | Copyright (c) 2005-2023, Individual contributors, see AUTHORS file     |
   | See: https://www.mrpt.org/Authors - All rights reserved.               |
   | Released under BSD License. See: https://www.mrpt.org/License          |
   +------------------------------------------------------------------------+ */
#pragma once

#include <mrpt/core/exceptions.h>
#include <mrpt/random/RandomGenerators.h>

#include <cstddef>
#include <vector>

// To be included from ransac.h only

namespace mrpt::math
{
template <typename NUMTYPE, typename DATASET, typename MODEL>
bool RANSAC_Template<NUMTYPE, DATASET, MODEL>::execute(
	const DATASET& data, const TRansacFitFunctor& fit_func,
	const TRansacDistanceFunctor& dist_func,
	const TRansacDegenerateFunctor& degen_func, const double distanceThreshold,
	const unsigned int minimumSizeSamplesToFit,
	std::vector<size_t>& out_best_inliers, MODEL& out_best_model,
	const double p, const size_t maxIter) const
{
	// Highly inspired on http://www.csse.uwa.edu.au/~pk/
	MRPT_START

	ASSERT_GE_(minimumSizeSamplesToFit, 1U);

	const size_t Npts = ransacDatasetSize(data);

	ASSERT_GT_(Npts, 1);

	// Maximum number of attempts to select a non-degenerate data set.
	const size_t maxDataTrials = 100;

	// Sentinel value allowing detection of solution failure.
	out_best_model = MODEL();
	out_best_inliers.clear();

	size_t trialcount = 0;
	size_t bestscore = std::string::npos;  // npos will mean "none"
	size_t N = 1;  // Dummy initialisation for number of trials.

	std::vector<size_t> ind(minimumSizeSamplesToFit);

	while (N > trialcount)
	{
		// Select at random s datapoints to form a trial model, M.
		// In selecting these points we have to check that they are not in
		// a degenerate configuration.
		bool degenerate = true;
		size_t count = 1;
		std::vector<MODEL> MODELS;

		while (degenerate)
		{
			// Generate s random indicies in the range 1..npts
			ind.resize(minimumSizeSamplesToFit);

			// The +0.99... is due to the floor rounding afterwards when
			// converting from random double samples to size_t
			mrpt::random::getRandomGenerator().drawUniformVector(
				ind, 0.0, Npts - 1 + 0.999999);

			// Test that these points are not a degenerate configuration.
			degenerate = degen_func(data, ind);

			if (!degenerate)
			{
				// Fit model to this random selection of data points.
				// Note that M may represent a set of models that fit the data
				fit_func(data, ind, MODELS);

				// Depending on your problem it might be that the only way you
				// can determine whether a data set is degenerate or not is to
				// try to fit a model and see if it succeeds.  If it fails we
				// reset degenerate to true.
				degenerate = MODELS.empty();
			}

			// Safeguard against being stuck in this loop forever
			if (++count > maxDataTrials)
			{
				MRPT_LOG_WARN("Unable to select a nondegenerate data set");
				break;
			}
		}

		// Once we are out here we should have some kind of model...
		// Evaluate distances between points and model returning the indices
		// of elements in x that are inliers.  Additionally, if M is a cell
		// array of possible models 'distfn' will return the model that has
		// the most inliers.  After this call M will be a non-cell objec
		// representing only one model.
		unsigned int bestModelIdx = std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::max();
		std::vector<size_t> inliers;
		if (!degenerate)
		{
			dist_func(
				data, MODELS, static_cast<NUMTYPE>(distanceThreshold),
				bestModelIdx, inliers);
			ASSERT_LT_(bestModelIdx, MODELS.size());
		}

		// Find the number of inliers to this model.
		const size_t ninliers = inliers.size();
		// Always update on the first iteration, regardless of the result (even
		// for ninliers=0)
		bool update_estim_num_iters = (trialcount == 0);

		if (ninliers > bestscore ||
			(bestscore == std::string::npos && ninliers != 0))
		{
			bestscore = ninliers;  // Record data for this model

			out_best_model = std::move(MODELS[bestModelIdx]);
			out_best_inliers = std::move(inliers);
			update_estim_num_iters = true;
		}

		if (update_estim_num_iters)
		{
			// Update estimate of N, the number of trials to ensure we pick,
			// with probability p, a data set with no outliers.
			double fracinliers = ninliers / static_cast<double>(Npts);
			double pNoOutliers = 1 -
				pow(fracinliers, static_cast<double>(minimumSizeSamplesToFit));

			pNoOutliers = std::max(
				std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon(),
				pNoOutliers);  // Avoid division by -Inf
			pNoOutliers = std::min(
				1.0 - std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon(),
				pNoOutliers);  // Avoid division by 0.
			// Number of
			N = static_cast<size_t>(log(1 - p) / log(pNoOutliers));
			MRPT_LOG_DEBUG_FMT(
				"Iter #%u Estimated number of iters: %u  pNoOutliers = %f  "
				"#inliers: %u",
				(unsigned)trialcount, (unsigned)N, pNoOutliers,
				(unsigned)ninliers);
		}

		++trialcount;

		MRPT_LOG_DEBUG_FMT(
			"trial %u out of %u", (unsigned int)trialcount,
			(unsigned int)ceil(static_cast<double>(N)));

		// Safeguard against being stuck in this loop forever
		if (trialcount > maxIter)
		{
			MRPT_LOG_WARN_FMT(
				"Warning: maximum number of trials (%u) reached\n",
				(unsigned)maxIter);
			break;
		}
	}

	if (!out_best_inliers.empty())
	{  // We got a solution
		MRPT_LOG_INFO_FMT("Finished in %u iterations.", (unsigned)trialcount);
		return true;
	}
	else
	{
		MRPT_LOG_WARN("Finished without any proper solution");
		return false;
	}

	MRPT_END
}

}  // namespace mrpt::math
