.. _library:

library
-------

The ``library`` stanza must be used to describe OCaml libraries. The format of
library stanzas is as follows:

.. code:: dune

    (library
     (name <library-name>)
     <optional-fields>)

``<library-name>`` is the real name of the library. It determines the names of
the archive files generated for the library as well as the module name under
which the library will be available, unless ``(wrapped false)`` is used (see
below). It must be a valid OCaml module name, but it doesn't need to start with
an uppercase letter.

For instance, the modules of a library named ``foo`` will be available as
``Foo.XXX``, outside of ``foo`` itself; however, it is allowed to write an
explicit ``Foo`` module, which will be the library interface. You are free to
expose only the modules you want.

Please note: by default, libraries and other things that consume OCaml/Reason
modules only consume modules from the directory where the stanza appear. In
order to declare a multi-directory library, you need to use the
:ref:`include_subdirs` stanza.

``<optional-fields>`` are:

- ``(public_name <name>)`` - the name under which the library can be referred as
  a dependency when it's not part of the current workspace, i.e., when it's
  installed. Without a ``(public_name ...)`` field, the library won't be
  installed by Dune. The public name must start with the package name it's part
  of and optionally followed by a dot, then anything else you want. The package
  name must also be one of the packages that Dune knows about, as determined by
  the logic described in :doc:`../reference/packages`.

- ``(package <package>)`` installs a private library under the specified
  package. Such a library is now usable by public libraries defined in the same
  project. The Findlib name for this library will be
  ``<package>.__private__.<name>``; however, the library's interface will be
  hidden from consumers outside the project.

- ``(synopsis <string>)`` should give a one-line description of the library.
  This is used by tools that list installed libraries

- ``(modules <modules>)`` specifies what modules are part of the library. By
  default, Dune will use all the ``.ml/.re`` files in the same directory as the
  ``dune`` file. This includes ones present in the file system as well as ones
  generated by user rules. You can restrict this list by using a ``(modules
  <modules>)`` field. ``<modules>`` uses the
  :doc:`reference/ordered-set-language`, where elements are module names and
  don't need to start with an uppercase letter. For instance, to exclude module
  ``Foo``, use ``(modules (:standard \ foo))``

- ``(libraries <library-dependencies>)`` specifies the library's dependencies.
  See :doc:`reference/library-dependencies` for more details.

- ``(wrapped <boolean>)`` specifies whether the library modules should be
  available only through the top-level library module, or if they should all be
  exposed at the top level. The default is ``true``, and it's highly recommended
  to keep it this way. Because OCaml top-level modules must all be unique when
  linking an executables, polluting the top-level namespace will make your
  library unusable with other libraries if there is a module name clash. This
  option is only intended for libraries that manually prefix all their modules
  by the library name and to ease porting of existing projects to Dune.

- ``(wrapped (transition <message>))`` is the same as ``(wrapped true)``, except
  it will also generate unwrapped (not prefixed by the library name) modules to
  preserve compatibility. This is useful for libraries that would like to
  transition from ``(wrapped false)`` to ``(wrapped true)`` without breaking
  compatibility for users. The deprecation notices for the unwrapped modules
  will include ``<message>``.

- ``(preprocess <preprocess-spec>)`` specifies how to preprocess files when
  needed. The default is ``no_preprocessing``, and other options are described
  in :doc:`reference/preprocessing-spec`.

- ``(preprocessor_deps (<deps-conf list>))`` specifies extra preprocessor
  dependencies preprocessor, i.e., if the preprocessor reads a generated file.
  The specification of dependencies is described in
  :doc:`concepts/dependency-spec`.

- ``(optional)`` - if present, it indicates that the library should only be
  built and installed if all the dependencies are available, either in the
  workspace or in the installed world. Use this to provide extra features
  without adding hard dependencies to your project

- ``(foreign_stubs <foreign-stubs-spec>)`` specifies foreign source files, e.g.,
  C or C++ stubs, to be compiled and packaged together with the library. See the
  section :doc:`reference/foreign` for more details. This field replaces the
  now-deleted fields ``c_names``, ``c_flags``, ``cxx_names``, and
  ``cxx_flags``.

- ``(foreign_archives <foreign-archives-list>)`` specifies archives of foreign
  object files to be packaged with the library. See the section
  :ref:`foreign-archives` for more details. This field replaces the now-deleted
  field ``self_build_stubs_archive``.

- ``(install_c_headers (<names>))`` - if your library has public C header files
  that must be installed, you must list them in this field, without the ``.h``
  extension. You should favor the ``public_headers`` field starting from 3.8.

- ``(public_headers (<files>))`` - if your library has public C header files
  that must be installed, you must list them in this field. This field accepts
  globs in the form of ``(glob_files_rec <glob>)`` and ``(glob_files <glob>)``
  fields to specify multiple files.

  The advantage of this field over ``install_c_headers`` is that it preserves
  the directory structures of the headers relative to the library stanza.
  Additionally, it allows to specify the extensions of the header files, which
  allows alternative extensions such as ``.hh`` or ``.hpp``.

- ``(modes <modes>)`` is for modes which should be built by default. The most
  common use for this feature is to disable native compilation when writing
  libraries for the OCaml toplevel. The following modes are available: ``byte``,
  ``native`` and ``best``. ``best`` is ``native`` or ``byte`` when native
  compilation isn't available.

- ``(no_dynlink)`` disables dynamic linking of the library. This is for advanced
  use only. By default, you shouldn't set this option.

- ``(kind <kind>)`` sets the type of library. The default is ``normal``, but
  other available choices are ``ppx_rewriter`` and ``ppx_deriver``. They must be
  set when the library is intended to be used as a PPX rewriter or a
  ``[@@deriving ...]`` plugin. The reason ``ppx_rewriter`` and ``ppx_deriver``
  are split is historical, and hopefully we won't need two options soon. Both
  PPX kinds support an optional field: ``(cookies <cookies>)``, where
  ``<cookies>`` is a list of pairs ``(<name> <value>)`` with ``<name>`` being
  the cookie name and ``<value>`` a string that supports
  :doc:`concepts/variables` evaluated by each preprocessor invocation (note:
  libraries that share cookies with the same name should agree on their
  expanded value).

- ``(ppx_runtime_libraries (<library-names>))`` is for when the library is a
  ``ppx rewriter`` or a ``[@@deriving ...]`` plugin, and has runtime
  dependencies. You need to specify these runtime dependencies here.

- ``(virtual_deps (<opam-packages>)``. Sometimes opam packages enable a specific
  feature only if another package is installed. For instance, the case of
  ``ctypes`` will only install ``ctypes.foreign`` if the dummy
  ``ctypes-foreign`` package is installed. You can specify such virtual
  dependencies here, but you don't need to do so unless you use Dune to
  synthesize the ``depends`` and ``depopts`` sections of your opam file.

- ``js_of_ocaml`` sets options for JavaScript compilation, see :ref:`jsoo-field`.

- For ``flags``, ``ocamlc_flags``, and ``ocamlopt_flags``, see
  :doc:`concepts/ocaml-flags`.

- ``(library_flags (<flags>))`` is a list of flags passed to ``ocamlc`` and
  ``ocamlopt`` when building the library archive files. You can use this to
  specify ``-linkall``, for instance. ``<flags>`` is a list of strings
  supporting :doc:`concepts/variables`.

- ``(c_library_flags <flags>)`` specifies the flags passed to the C compiler
  when constructing the library archive file for the C stubs. ``<flags>`` uses
  the :doc:`reference/ordered-set-language` and supports ``(:include ...)``
  forms. When you write bindings for a C library named ``bar``, you should
  typically write ``-lbar`` here, or whatever flags are necessary to link
  against this library.

- ``(modules_without_implementation <modules>)`` specifies a list of modules
  that have only a ``.mli`` or ``.rei`` but no ``.ml`` or ``.re`` file. Such
  modules are usually referred as *mli only modules*. They are not officially
  supported by the OCaml compiler; however, they are commonly used. Such modules
  must only define types. Since it isn't reasonably possible for Dune to check
  this is the case, Dune requires the user to explicitly list such modules to
  avoid surprises.  Note that the ``modules_without_implementation`` field isn't
  merged in ``modules``, which represents the total set of modules in a library.
  If a directory has more than one stanza, and thus a ``modules`` field must be
  specified, ``<modules>`` still needs to be added in ``modules``.

- ``(private_modules <modules>)`` specifies a list of modules that will be
  marked as private. Private modules are inaccessible from outside the libraries
  they are defined in. Note that the ``private_modules`` field is not merged in
  ``modules``, which represents the total set of modules in a library. If a
  directory has more than one stanza and thus a ``modules`` field must be
  specified, ``<modules>`` still need to be added in ``modules``.

- ``(allow_overlapping_dependencies)`` allows external dependencies to overlap
  with libraries that are present in the workspace.

- ``(enabled_if <blang expression>)`` conditionally disables a library. A
  disabled library cannot be built and will not be installed. The condition is
  specified using the :doc:`reference/boolean-language`, and the field allows
  for the ``%{os_type}`` variable, which is expanded to the type of OS being
  targeted by the current build. Its value is the same as the value of the
  ``os_type`` parameter in the output of ``ocamlc -config``.

- ``(inline_tests)`` enables inline tests for this library. They can be
  configured through options using ``(inline_tests <options>)``. See
  :ref:`inline_tests` for a reference of corresponding options.

- ``(root_module <module>)`` this field instructs Dune to generate a module that
  will contain module aliases for every library specified in dependencies. This
  is useful whenever a library is shadowed by a local module. The library may
  then still be accessible via this root module

- ``(ctypes <ctypes field>)`` instructs Dune to use ctypes stubgen to process
  your type and function descriptions for binding system libraries, vendored
  libraries, or other foreign code.  See :ref:`ctypes-stubgen` for a full
  reference. This field is available since the 3.0 version of the Dune language.

- ``(empty_module_interface_if_absent)`` causes the generation of empty
  interfaces for every module that does not have an interface file already.
  Useful when modules are used solely for their side-effects. This field is
  available since the 3.0 version of the Dune language.

Note that when binding C libraries, Dune doesn't provide special support for
tools such as ``pkg-config``; however, it integrates easily with
:ref:`configurator` by using ``(c_flags (:include ...))`` and ``(c_library_flags
(:include ...))``.
