## AB13DX

### Maximum singular value of a transfer-function matrix

[Specification] [Arguments] [Method] [References] [Comments] [Example]

Purpose

      To compute the maximum singular value of a given continuous-time
      or discrete-time transfer-function matrix, either standard or in
      the descriptor form,

                                      -1
         G(lambda) = C*( lambda*E - A ) *B + D ,

      for a given complex value lambda, where lambda = j*omega, in the
      continuous-time case, and lambda = exp(j*omega), in the
      discrete-time case. The matrices A, E, B, C, and D are real
      matrices of appropriate dimensions. Matrix A must be in an upper
      Hessenberg form, and if JOBE ='G', the matrix E must be upper
      triangular. The matrices B and C must correspond to the system
      in (generalized) Hessenberg form.

Specification

          DOUBLE PRECISION FUNCTION AB13DX( DICO, JOBE, JOBD, N, M, P,
         $                                  OMEGA, A, LDA, E, LDE, B, LDB,
         $                                  C, LDC, D, LDD, IWORK, DWORK,
         $                                  LDWORK, CWORK, LCWORK, INFO )
    C     .. Scalar Arguments ..
          CHARACTER          DICO, JOBD, JOBE
          INTEGER            INFO, LCWORK, LDA, LDB, LDC, LDD, LDE, LDWORK,
         $                   M, N, P
          DOUBLE PRECISION   OMEGA
    C     .. Array Arguments ..
          COMPLEX*16         CWORK(  * )
          DOUBLE PRECISION   A( LDA, * ), B( LDB, * ), C( LDC, * ),
         $                   D( LDD, * ), DWORK(  * ), E( LDE, * )
          INTEGER            IWORK(  * )

Function Value

      AB13DX   DOUBLE PRECISION
               The maximum singular value of G(lambda).

Arguments

Mode Parameters

      DICO    CHARACTER*1
              Specifies the type of the system, as follows:
              = 'C':  continuous-time system;
              = 'D':  discrete-time system.

      JOBE    CHARACTER*1
              Specifies whether E is an upper triangular or an identity
              matrix, as follows:
              = 'G':  E is a general upper triangular matrix;
              = 'I':  E is the identity matrix.

      JOBD    CHARACTER*1
              Specifies whether or not a non-zero matrix D appears in
              the given state space model:
              = 'D':  D is present;
              = 'Z':  D is assumed a zero matrix.

Input/Output Parameters

      N       (input) INTEGER
              The order of the system.  N >= 0.

      M       (input) INTEGER
              The column size of the matrix B.  M >= 0.

      P       (input) INTEGER
              The row size of the matrix C.  P >= 0.

      OMEGA   (input) DOUBLE PRECISION
              The frequency value for which the calculations should be
              done.

      A       (input/output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDA,N)
              On entry, the leading N-by-N upper Hessenberg part of this
              array must contain the state dynamics matrix A in upper
              Hessenberg form. The elements below the subdiagonal are
              not referenced.
              On exit, if M > 0, P > 0, OMEGA = 0, DICO = 'C', B <> 0,
              and C <> 0, the leading N-by-N upper Hessenberg part of
              this array contains the factors L and U from the LU
              factorization of A (A = P*L*U); the unit diagonal elements
              of L are not stored, L is lower bidiagonal, and P is
              stored in IWORK (see SLICOT Library routine MB02SD).
              Otherwise, this array is unchanged on exit.

      LDA     INTEGER
              The leading dimension of the array A.  LDA >= max(1,N).

      E       (input) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDE,N)
              If JOBE = 'G', the leading N-by-N upper triangular part of
              this array must contain the upper triangular descriptor
              matrix E of the system. The elements of the strict lower
              triangular part of this array are not referenced.
              If JOBE = 'I', then E is assumed to be the identity
              matrix and is not referenced.

      LDE     INTEGER
              The leading dimension of the array E.
              LDE >= MAX(1,N), if JOBE = 'G';
              LDE >= 1,        if JOBE = 'I'.

      B       (input/output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDB,M)
              On entry, the leading N-by-M part of this array must
              contain the system input matrix B.
              On exit, if M > 0, P > 0, OMEGA = 0, DICO = 'C', B <> 0,
              C <> 0, and INFO = 0 or N+1, the leading N-by-M part of
              this array contains the solution of the system A*X = B.
              Otherwise, this array is unchanged on exit.

      LDB     INTEGER
              The leading dimension of the array B.  LDB >= max(1,N).

      C       (input) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDC,N)
              The leading P-by-N part of this array must contain the
              system output matrix C.

      LDC     INTEGER
              The leading dimension of the array C.  LDC >= max(1,P).

      D       (input/output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDD,M)
              On entry, if JOBD = 'D', the leading P-by-M part of this
              array must contain the direct transmission matrix D.
              On exit, if (N = 0, or B = 0, or C = 0) and JOBD = 'D',
              or (OMEGA = 0, DICO = 'C', JOBD = 'D', and INFO = 0 or
              N+1), the contents of this array is destroyed.
              Otherwise, this array is unchanged on exit.
              This array is not referenced if JOBD = 'Z'.

      LDD     INTEGER
              The leading dimension of array D.
              LDD >= MAX(1,P), if JOBD = 'D';
              LDD >= 1,        if JOBD = 'Z'.

Workspace

      IWORK   INTEGER array, dimension (LIWORK), where
              LIWORK = N, if N > 0, M > 0, P > 0, B <> 0, and C <> 0;
              LIWORK = 0, otherwise.
              This array contains the pivot indices in the LU
              factorization of the matrix lambda*E - A; for 1 <= i <= N,
              row i of the matrix was interchanged with row IWORK(i).

      DWORK   DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDWORK)
              On exit, if INFO = 0, DWORK(1) contains the optimal value
              of LDWORK, and DWORK(2), ..., DWORK(MIN(P,M)) contain the
              singular values of G(lambda), except for the first one,
              which is returned in the function value AB13DX.
              If (N = 0, or B = 0, or C = 0) and JOBD = 'Z', the last
              MIN(P,M)-1 zero singular values of G(lambda) are not
              stored in DWORK(2), ..., DWORK(MIN(P,M)).

      LDWORK  INTEGER
              The dimension of the array DWORK.
              LDWORK >= MAX(1, LDW1 + LDW2 ),
              LDW1 = P*M, if N > 0, B <> 0, C <> 0, OMEGA = 0,
                             DICO = 'C', and JOBD = 'Z';
              LDW1 = 0,   otherwise;
              LDW2 = MIN(P,M) + MAX(3*MIN(P,M) + MAX(P,M), 5*MIN(P,M)),
                          if (N = 0, or B = 0, or C = 0) and JOBD = 'D',
                          or (N > 0, B <> 0, C <> 0, OMEGA = 0, and
                              DICO = 'C');
              LDW2 = 0,   if (N = 0, or B = 0, or C = 0) and JOBD = 'Z',
                          or MIN(P,M) = 0;
              LDW2 = 6*MIN(P,M), otherwise.
              For good performance, LDWORK must generally be larger.

      CWORK   COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LCWORK)
              On exit, if INFO = 0, CWORK(1) contains the optimal
              LCWORK.

      LCWORK  INTEGER
              The dimension of the array CWORK.
              LCWORK >= 1, if N = 0, or B = 0, or C = 0, or (OMEGA = 0
                              and DICO = 'C') or MIN(P,M) = 0;
              LCWORK >= MAX(1, (N+M)*(N+P) + 2*MIN(P,M) + MAX(P,M)),
                           otherwise.
              For good performance, LCWORK must generally be larger.

Error Indicator

      INFO    INTEGER
              = 0:  successful exit;
              < 0:  if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal
                    value;
              > 0:  if INFO = i, U(i,i) is exactly zero; the LU
                    factorization of the matrix lambda*E - A has been
                    completed, but the factor U is exactly singular,
                    i.e., the matrix lambda*E - A is exactly singular;
              = N+1:  the SVD algorithm for computing singular values
                    did not converge.

Method

      The routine implements standard linear algebra calculations,
      taking problem structure into account. LAPACK Library routines
      DGESVD and ZGESVD are used for finding the singular values.

Further Comments

      None

Example

Program Text

      None

Program Data

      None

Program Results

      None

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