## MB04DZ

### Balancing a complex Hamiltonian matrix

[Specification] [Arguments] [Method] [References] [Comments] [Example]

Purpose

      To balance a complex Hamiltonian matrix,

                    [  A   G  ]
               H =  [       H ] ,
                    [  Q  -A  ]

      where A is an N-by-N matrix and G, Q are N-by-N Hermitian
      matrices. This involves, first, permuting H by a symplectic
      similarity transformation to isolate eigenvalues in the first
      1:ILO-1 elements on the diagonal of A; and second, applying a
      diagonal similarity transformation to rows and columns
      ILO:N, N+ILO:2*N to make the rows and columns as close in 1-norm
      as possible. Both steps are optional. Assuming ILO = 1, let D be a
      diagonal matrix of order N with the scaling factors on the
      diagonal. The scaled Hamiltonian is defined by

                     [  D**-1*A*D   D**-1*G*D**-1  ]
               Hs =  [                   H         ] .
                     [    D*Q*D      -D*A *D**-1   ]

Specification

          SUBROUTINE MB04DZ( JOB, N, A, LDA, QG, LDQG, ILO, SCALE, INFO )
    C     .. Scalar Arguments ..
          CHARACTER         JOB
          INTEGER           ILO, INFO, LDA, LDQG, N
    C     .. Array Arguments ..
          DOUBLE PRECISION  SCALE(*)
          COMPLEX*16        A(LDA,*), QG(LDQG,*)

Arguments

Mode Parameters

      JOB     CHARACTER*1
              Specifies the operations to be performed on H:
              = 'N':  none, set ILO = 1, SCALE(I) = 1.0, I = 1 .. N;
              = 'P':  permute only;
              = 'S':  scale only;
              = 'B':  both permute and scale.

Input/Output Parameters

      N       (input) INTEGER
              The order of the matrix A.  N >= 0.

      A       (input/output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDA,N)
              On entry, the leading N-by-N part of this array must
              contain the matrix A.
              On exit, the leading N-by-N part of this array contains
              the matrix A of the balanced Hamiltonian. In particular,
              the strictly lower triangular part of the first ILO-1
              columns of A is zero.

      LDA     INTEGER
              The leading dimension of the array A.  LDA >= MAX(1,N).

      QG      (input/output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension
                             (LDQG,N+1)
              On entry, the leading N-by-N+1 part of this array must
              contain the lower triangular part of the matrix Q and
              the upper triangular part of the matrix G.
              On exit, the leading N-by-N+1 part of this array contains
              the lower and upper triangular parts of the matrices Q and
              G, respectively, of the balanced Hamiltonian. In
              particular, the lower triangular part of the first ILO-1
              columns of QG is zero.

      LDQG    INTEGER
              The leading dimension of the array QG.  LDQG >= MAX(1,N).

      ILO     (output) INTEGER
              ILO-1 is the number of deflated eigenvalues in the
              balanced Hamiltonian matrix.

      SCALE   (output) DOUBLE PRECISION array of dimension (N)
              Details of the permutations and scaling factors applied to
              H.  For j = 1,...,ILO-1 let P(j) = SCALE(j). If P(j) <= N,
              then rows and columns P(j) and P(j)+N are interchanged
              with rows and columns j and j+N, respectively. If
              P(j) > N, then row and column P(j)-N are interchanged with
              row and column j+N by a generalized symplectic
              permutation. For j = ILO,...,N the j-th element of SCALE
              contains the factor of the scaling applied to row and
              column j.

Error Indicator

      INFO    INTEGER
              = 0:  successful exit;
              < 0:  if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal
                    value.

References

      [1] Benner, P.
          Symplectic balancing of Hamiltonian matrices.
          SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 22 (5), pp. 1885-1904, 2001.

Further Comments

      None

Example

Program Text

    *     MB04DZ EXAMPLE PROGRAM TEXT
    *
    *     .. Parameters ..
          INTEGER          NIN, NOUT
          PARAMETER        ( NIN = 5, NOUT = 6 )
          INTEGER          NMAX
          PARAMETER        ( NMAX = 100 )
          INTEGER          LDA, LDQG
          PARAMETER        ( LDA = NMAX, LDQG = NMAX )
    *     .. Local Scalars ..
          CHARACTER*1      JOB
          INTEGER          I, ILO, INFO, J, N
    *     .. Local Arrays ..
          COMPLEX*16       A(LDA, NMAX), QG(LDQG, NMAX+1)
          DOUBLE PRECISION DUMMY(1), SCALE(NMAX)
    *     .. External Functions ..
          DOUBLE PRECISION DLAPY2, ZLANTR
          EXTERNAL         DLAPY2, ZLANTR
    *     .. External Subroutines ..
          EXTERNAL         MB04DZ
    *     .. Executable Statements ..
          WRITE ( NOUT, FMT = 99999 )
    *     Skip the heading in the data file and read the data.
          READ ( NIN, FMT = '()' )
          READ ( NIN, FMT = * )  N, JOB
          IF( N.LE.0 .OR. N.GT.NMAX ) THEN
             WRITE ( NOUT, FMT = 99994 ) N
          ELSE
             READ ( NIN, FMT = * ) ( ( A(I,J), J = 1,N ), I = 1,N )
             READ ( NIN, FMT = * ) ( ( QG(I,J), J = 1,N+1 ), I = 1,N )
             CALL MB04DZ( JOB, N, A, LDA, QG, LDQG, ILO, SCALE, INFO )
             IF ( INFO.NE.0 ) THEN
                WRITE ( NOUT, FMT = 99998 ) INFO
             ELSE
                WRITE ( NOUT, FMT = 99997 )
                DO 10  I = 1, N
                   WRITE (NOUT, FMT = 99995) ( A(I,J), J = 1,N )
       10       CONTINUE
                WRITE ( NOUT, FMT = 99996 )
                DO 20  I = 1, N
                   WRITE (NOUT, FMT = 99995) ( QG(I,J), J = 1,N+1 )
       20       CONTINUE
                WRITE (NOUT, FMT = 99993)  ILO
                IF ( ILO.GT.1 ) THEN
                    WRITE (NOUT, FMT = 99992) DLAPY2( ZLANTR( 'Frobenius',
         $                 'Lower', 'No Unit', N-1, ILO-1, A(2,1), LDA,
         $                 DUMMY ), ZLANTR( 'Frobenius', 'Lower', 'No Unit',
         $                 N, ILO-1, QG(1,1), LDQG, DUMMY ) )
                END IF
             END IF
          END IF
    *
    99999 FORMAT (' MB04DZ EXAMPLE PROGRAM RESULTS',/1X)
    99998 FORMAT (' INFO on exit from MB04DZ = ',I2)
    99997 FORMAT (' The balanced matrix A is ')
    99996 FORMAT (/' The balanced matrix QG is ')
    99995 FORMAT (20(1X,F9.4,SP,F9.4,S,'i '))
    99994 FORMAT (/' N is out of range.',/' N = ',I5)
    99993 FORMAT (/' ILO = ',I4)
    99992 FORMAT (/' Norm of subdiagonal blocks: ',G7.2)
          END

Program Data

    MB04DZ EXAMPLE PROGRAM DATA
           6       B
          (0,0)  (0,0)      (0,0)      (0,0)      (0,0)      (0,0)
      (.0994,0)  (0,0)      (0,0)      (0,0)      (0,0)  (.9696,0)
      (.3248,0)  (0,0)      (0,0)      (0,0)  (.4372,0)  (.8308,0)
          (0,0)  (0,0)      (0,0)  (.0717,0)      (0,0)      (0,0)
          (0,0)  (0,0)      (0,0)      (0,0)      (0,0)  (.1976,0)
          (0,0)  (0,0)      (0,0)      (0,0)      (0,0)      (0,0)
          (0,0)  (0,0)      (0,0)      (0,0)      (0,0)      (0,0)      (0,0)
          (0,0)  (0,0)      (0,0)      (0,0)  (.0651,0)      (0,0)      (0,0)
          (0,0)  (0,0)      (0,0)      (0,0)      (0,0)      (0,0)      (0,0)
          (0,0)  (0,0)  (.0444,0)      (0,0)      (0,0)  (.1957,0)      (0,0)
      (.8144,0)  (0,0)      (0,0)      (0,0)  (.3652,0)      (0,0)  (.9121,0)
      (.9023,0)  (0,0)      (0,0)      (0,0)      (0,0)      (0,0)  1.0945,0)

Program Results

     MB04DZ EXAMPLE PROGRAM RESULTS

     The balanced matrix A is
        0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.9696  +0.0000i
        0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i    -0.8144  +0.0000i    -0.9023  +0.0000i
        0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.1093  +0.0000i     0.2077  +0.0000i
        0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0717  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i
        0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.1976  +0.0000i
        0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i

     The balanced matrix QG is
        0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0994  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0651  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i
        0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0812  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i
        0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i
        0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.1776  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.1957  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i
        0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.3652  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.9121  +0.0000i
        0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     0.0000  +0.0000i     1.0945  +0.0000i

     ILO =    3

     Norm of subdiagonal blocks: 0.0

Return to Supporting Routines index